Safety evaluation and potential health implications of water from post-remediated lead-polluted areas of Zamfara State, Nigeria

Objectives: Dareta village in Zamfara state of Nigeria is one the villages plagued with lead (Pb) poisoning crisis 2010. and neighboring were remediated by simple excavation topsoil rich Pb, burying same landfills. This study was embarked to assess physicochemical parameters some sources water supply possible health impacts on humans. Material Methods: The imaginarily mapped into three sites; Residential Homes (Site 1), Markets Village Squares 2), Farms Irrigation Facilities 3). From sites, a total 30 samples (10 shallow wells, 10 boreholes, stream/surface water) randomly collected, according availability. physical (Temperature, Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids [TDS]) assessed situ using conductivity/TDS meter (model 44600.00, HACH, USA), assessment pH also carried out an electronic meter, (pH 210 micro-processor, Hanna Instrument, USA). evaluation heavy metals concentration (Pb, cadmium [Cd], chromium [Cr], manganese) done Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (modelAA-6800, Schemadzu, Japan). Results: In groundwater (boreholes wells), mean temperature conductivity higher than World Health Organization (WHO) safety levels for “drinking water,” while those TDS within limits. surface (streams), not WHO limits, concentrations Cd, Cr above drinking guidelines. risk implication human populations consuming determined estimated average daily intake (EADI) target hazard quotient (THQ). EADI all both adult children consumer exceeded reference dose US-EPA. THQ >1. Conclusion: These findings portend toxicity increased hazards that source their from borehole, well, stream this village.